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Author Topic: Método utilizado para enseñar a leer y escribir en Español  (Read 23519 times)
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Gilma
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« on: September 01, 2010, 03:06:25 PM »

Hola a todos,
He estado buscando información acerca de la mejor manera de enseñarle a leer y escribir a mí bebe en español. Hay mucha información en Ingles, pero desgraciadamente en español es menos claro y no he encontrado nada concreto.
Mientras buscaba esta información, me encontré que hay diferentes maneras o métodos para enseñar a leer y escribir (Yo no soy profesora/docente).
Entre esos métodos están:
- Método alfabético
- Método silábico
- Método fonético
- Método global
- Método de la palabra generadora
- Método psicogenético (o de la psicogénesis)
Si bien me acuerdo, en mi época de escuela, me enseñaron a leer con el método de la palabra generadora (no sabía que así se llamaba el método, pero recuerdo bien la frase “mi mamá me ama” y creo que me enseñaron con un libro llamado “Nacho lee”)
Estoy viviendo fuera de mi país (Colombia) y aquí no encuentro escuelas ni material que enseñe español, así que será toda una osadía enseñarle a mí bebe a leer en español, pero se que todo mi esfuerzo valdra la pena.
Así que les agradecería si me pueden dar pautas, ayudas, sugerencias acerca del método que se utiliza actualmente o el mejor método a utilizar en mi caso.
Muchísimas gracias de antemano,
Cordial saludos,
Gilma

PD: Aquí debajo incluyo una pequeña descripción de los métodos que encontré.

El método alfabético
“Aprendemos ante todo los nombres de las letras, después su forma, después su valor, luego las sílabas y sus modificaciones y después de esto sus palabras y sus propiedades” Dionisio Halicarnaso
El método de enseñanza más antiguo conocido, promueve la lectura a través del deletreo. Así la palabra “papel” se deletreará “pe-a-pe-e-ele”. Se trata de una práctica compleja porque pareciera distanciarnos del valor significativo de la lengua escrita y más aún, de su significado.

Método silábico
”Se me debe leche”, “si mi dibi lichi”, “so mo dobo locho”
Este método, que se difundió en el siglo XVIII, comprendía varias series de sílabas que podían leerse de derecha a izquierda y de arriba hacia abajo. De esta manera, se repetían las combinaciones de sílabas lo que facilitaba el aprendizaje de los sonidos de vocales y consonantes.

Método fonético
A comienzos del siglo XIX, comienza a considerase que el “sonido” es un buen punto de partida para la enseñanza de la lectura. De esta manera, diferenciando el fonema de la letra se superaba el deletreo a través del método alfabético.
El método fonético comenzaba con el sonido de las vocales y luego, se iban sumando consonantes. Esta ejercitación preparaba al niño para el aprendizaje de la lectura.

Método global
Este método busca introducir una nueva variable en el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura: la motivación. Internalizar el proceso de decodificación de todas las letras del alfabeto exige un enorme esfuerzo, por lo tanto, se busca facilitar este proceso a través de diferentes estrategias que van desde colocar ilustraciones como referencias hasta la introducción del juego.
Por otra parte, surge la clara necesidad de unir la significación a la enseñanza de la lectura, esto es, no basta que el niño sepa leer sino que además, comprenda qué es lo que está leyendo. En este sentido, el interés por la comprensión actuaría como un motivador de la lectura.

Método de la palabra generadora
”Mi mama me ama”, “Mi mamá me mima”
Este método presenta una palabra ilustrada que el docente lee en voz alta para que los alumnos puedan repetir su lectura. La palabra, luego se divide en sílabas que a su vez se utilizan para construir nuevas palabras. A medida que se van incorporando nuevas palabras, aparecen nuevas letras y luego se van generando nuevas palabras.

Método psicogenético (o de la psicogénesis)
Los métodos enunciados anteriormente, pese a su variedad, tienen un común denominador: parten del desconocimiento inicial del alumno, esto es, ignoran si el alumno ha avanzado ya por cuenta propia en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura. Las investigaciones realizadas por Ferreiro y Teberosky a lo largo de la década del 70, parecen demostrar que los niños arriban a la escolaridad formal con algún grado de conocimiento respecto del funcionamiento de la lengua escrita, de manera tal que hasta podría especularse que, con el estímulo de una sociedad alfabetizada, el niño puede llegar a descubrir por sí mismo, como es que funciona el lenguaje escrito y adquirir así la capacidad para leer y escribir.

Estas investigaciones realizaron una descripción de las diferentes etapas que los niños van atravesando espontáneamente en el aprendizaje de la lengua escrita. Cada una de estas etapas se caracteriza por una hipótesis que el niño construye respecto al funcionamiento de la lengua. Estos supuestos van evolucionando hasta que se alcanza la completa comprensión del funcionamiento de la lengua escrita.



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Isllago
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« Reply #1 on: December 22, 2011, 04:34:10 PM »

Hola Gilma esta respuesta puede que sea un poco tarde, pero espero que te sirva. Al igual que tu yo soy Colombiana. Con base en mi propia experiencia te cuento que el mejor metodo para ayudar a tu hija a desarrollar su capacidad de lector-escritura en espanol, es leerle  lo que sea y lo que mas puedas en esta lengua, y por su puesto hablarle tambien solo en espanol. Si tu esposo NO es hablante nativo de espanol, que el se limite a hablarle unicamente en su propia lengua. Utilizar Nacho lee o la cartilla Coquito son buenos recursos.
Yo hacia esto con mi hija y de un momento a otro ella empezo a leer por si sola, lo cual me dejo anonadada. Sin embargo, me puse a ponerle atencion y me di cuenta que ella transfirio las destrezas de lectura de ingles adquiridas en el jardin para ensenarze a si isma como leer en espanol. en este momento nos sentamos a leer las dos en espanol, y yo solo le leo silabicamente cuando ella encuentra una palbra que le es dificil. Esto es especialment las silabas como tri, tre, bra cro, etc.

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Dr Miles R Jones
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« Reply #2 on: February 16, 2012, 01:20:56 AM »

Gilma,

Espanol es una idioma ideal para ensenar la lectura.  El methodo alfabetico deberia foncionar bien porque Espanol no tiene muchas sorpresas en expresar los sonidos.  Las vocales no tienen que un sonido cada uno.   Hay dos lettras silentes, la "h" y la "u" en "que, qui, gue, gui".  La "c" y la "g" tienen dos sonidos.  Pero tiene razon que no hay muchos opciones en materiales de ensenarlo.

 

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