I found this on the Your Baby Can Read Facebook page and think others on here will find these two post by Robert Titzer interesting.
http://www.facebook.com/YourBabyCanReadReading Milestones When Using Our Multi-Sensory Approach
Learning to Recognize the First Written Word
Learning to Read the First 50 Words
Recognizing Patterns of the Written Language
Reading Two- and Three-Word Phrases
Learning to Read around 200 Words
Learning Phonics
Reading Sentences
Reading a Book from Cover to Cover
Fast Reading
Independent Reading
The First Milestone: Learning to Recognize the First Written WordThe first word is probably the most difficult to learn whether it is receptive language (understanding), spoken language (talking), or written language (reading). The main idea is to allow your baby to learn the language with the eyes and the ears, instead of only with the ears.
In order to understand spoken language, we try to make the first words easier to differentiate by repeating them hundreds of times, and by slightly over-enunciating the words, since so many words in English sound very similar. The baby will go from using only the sound of the word to eventually being a higher level learner who uses contextual information in a sentence (including syntax and semantic cues) to determine which word was spoken. Some babies develop similar skills while learning the written language. Initially, they may use only the appearance of the written word. However, it is possible for the babies to learn patterns of the written language and to develop other strategies to determine the meanings of the words.
When initially teaching babies spoken words, we generally don’t start with words that sound alike. If we apply the same approach to learning the written language, then we want to make the first words easier to learn by repeating them hundreds of times and by selecting initial written words that are not too similar.
In order to teach your child the first word, I recommend consistently allowing your baby to see the language while hearing the language instead of only hearing the language. Just like it takes a newborn many months of hearing words before learning to understand them, it should take most young infants many months of seeing and hearing words before learning to recognize them. Older babies and preschoolers can often learn their first written words much more quickly.
I recommend starting with a fairly large number of words – at least 20 – so the child can also learn a general pattern of what English words look like while learning the first written word. One key is that the words should be seen with different frequencies. In the first YBCR DVD, some of the words are repeated much more frequently than other words in order to try to help the child learn the first word. These frequently repeated words -- for example: clap, wave, and mouth -- are also shown on our word cards and in books to increase the probably that the child will learn these high frequency words.
In the next post, I will provide numerous ways of helping your babies, toddlers, or preschoolers learn more written words while trying to reach the milestone of reading 50 words. In subsequent posts, I will go over each of the milestones mentioned above.
I look forward to sharing more information with you and hearing your stories about how your children are doing. Together, I hope we can help more families experience the joy of early literacy.
Dr. Bob Titzer
Dear Facebook Fans,
Learning to Read the First 50 WordsI first introduced the milestones for learning written language several years ago. I am hoping that these milestones will help more families experience the joys of early literacy. My intent with these posts is to help parents stay motivated throughout this experience and to offer suggestions to help babies, toddlers, and preschoolers achieve each milestone.
While the first written word is probably the single most difficult word to learn for babies, this milestone of learning to read 50 words may take the longest to achieve. With receptive language, it often takes babies around a year to acquire an understanding of 50 words. It generally takes even longer for the child to say 50 words. However, once a child can understand or say around 50 words, the child will likely learn new words at a much faster rate. This was once referred to as “fast mapping” indicating that the baby could acquire new words very quickly. There are newer theoretical explanations for why infants learn more words in less time, but the important point that I want to emphasize here is that your child may begin learning written words at a faster rate around this milestone. The next several milestones will likely happen in a matter of weeks or even days once your child consistently can read 50 words, so do what you can to help your baby learn these first written words.
Guidelines for Acquiring Early Literacy:
1) Make it multi-sensory. Allow your baby/child to see words at the same time as hearing the words.
2) Point to words from left-to-right as you say them.
3) Ideally, start as soon as your baby has visual tracking (or the ability to follow moving objects with the eyes). If your child is already older start at that age. Briefly, there is research showing that children who are taught to read at age 3 or 4 years, read better years later than children of the same IQ who are taught at age 5 or 6 years. Those taught at age 5 or 6 read better than children of the same IQ who are taught at age 7 or 8 (see studies by Durkin for more info.).
4) Start with large words for infants under 5 months of age and gradually reduce the size as the baby is a few months older. By 12 months of age, the size of the words is not very important as long as the words are big enough for you to see.
5) Isolate the words. While the size of the words isn’t so important for a 14-month-old, removing the “background noise” or distractions is very important. Initially, show one word at a time with minimal auditory or visual distractions in the background.
6) Use parentese when saying the words to infants. Parentese is using a higher pitched voice and slightly elongating the vowel sounds. Initially, over-enunciate to make sure that your baby can differentiate similar sounding words.
7) Use lowercase letters the vast majority of the time, but follow capitalization rules. In English, almost every book (except for many baby books) is printed in lowercase letters and follows capitalization rules. Since you want your child to read at fast speeds in the future under these conditions, the early practice should be mostly with lowercase letters.

Add the meanings of the words most of the time. For babies under 6 months of age, add meanings of the words almost every time by showing the objects, body parts, or actions that demonstrate the meanings immediately after showing and saying the words. Adding the meanings becomes less important over time. For children who understand the meanings of all of the words, you can still show the meanings some of the time. However, you can show and say more words in less time without adding the meanings, so this doesn’t need to be done every time.
9) Vary the fonts, colors, background colors, font size, materials the words are on, order of presentation of the words, time of day, locations where the words are shown, and even the person showing the words. For example, mostly use black on white words or other high contrast color combinations for young babies. Later, vary the color combinations and use numerous combinations with numerous fonts. Mostly use fonts that are frequently used in children’s literature.
10) Make the learning interactive. Ask your child to look at words, point to words say the words, move words, match words and corresponding objects, place objects next to the appropriate words, answer questions by doing actions, jump on words, run to words, find words, etc.
11) Have fun! If you are enjoying yourself, your baby or child is probably going to have more fun too.
12) Make it easy for you. Put stacks of words in different rooms of your home, in the car, in the stroller, and wherever it will make it more convenient for you. Keep a whiteboard or notebook nearby and write down words while you are playing with your baby. The notebook works great because you can review words that you have already printed. When you are tired, put in a YBCR DVD and interact with the video by saying every word as soon as it comes on the screen and by answering the questions in the videos. This will provide a good demonstration for your baby. If you are on the phone, on your laptop, or otherwise busy, put on a YBCR DVD and let your baby watch while you quietly talk on the phone, read, etc. (while you observe your baby). You will have more energy after taking this short break and you will likely make more of your precious time with your baby.
13) Allow family members and friends to show your baby words. Your baby will benefit by having different teachers along with different teaching styles. Even if your friends or family members don’t show the words exactly like you may want, it will be great for you and your child.
14) Vary how you show words. There are studies showing that infants’ learning generalizes more easily if they have many different experiences instead of only the same experience repeated over and over. Most of the time, you will be doing teaching activities and saying the words as you point from left to right, then acting out the meanings. Some of the time, you can play “fast word games” that I will explain in future posts. Occasionally, do recognition or recall activities. Show words on whiteboards, on hand printed word cards, in books (when there are only a few words per page), on TV and computer screens (as long as your baby isn’t too close to the screen it shouldn’t be harmful – the content may be harmful in many cases, but I am talking about showing large words not entertainment-based shows), with individual magnetic letters on your refrigerator, with foam letters in the tub, using sticks in the sand or dirt, and numerous other ways.
15) Make it natural for your baby to see words at the same time as hearing words throughout the day by writing down words that are related to what you and your baby are doing. Get in a habit of writing down key words throughout the day and pointing to words as say them. Do this even if it is only for a few seconds here and there. The main idea is for your baby to acquire the written language naturally in a way that is similar to how your baby acquires the spoken language. To do this, simply add the written language to what you are already doing. If you are not with your baby for most of the day, then do what you can to select someone to care for your baby who will want to help your baby learn and show your baby words, if possible. In a few cases, loaning the daycare provider a YBCR DVD could make a difference.
16) Be creative. Play games with your baby with written (and spoken) words. Make variations of your games and make the games more challenging as your child’s skills improve. Play matching games with words and objects, sorting games with written words, physical games with words, object naming games, Bingo, etc. Add words to simple games or activities that you and your child enjoy. Add written words to the activities that you do frequently.
17) Make sure your child understands the difference between the word and what the word represents. In other words, sometimes you might say, “This is the word ‘arm’ -- this is ‘your arm’ -- and this is ‘my arm’.” while you are pointing to or touching the word, your baby’s arm, and your arm, respectively. Later, you could ask your child, “Where is the word ‘arm”? Where is my arm? Where is your arm?” In addition, you could also use a photo and say something such as, “This is the word ‘elbow’, this is your elbow, this is my elbow, and this is a picture of a child’s elbow.” while pointing to or touching each of these. Ask questions to see if your child can point to the photo of child’s elbow, the word ‘elbow’, and each person’s actual elbow.
18) Understand the difference between recognition and recall activities. It will be easier to answer recognition questions than recall questions, so start with recognition activities. A multiple choice test is a recognition activity. One has to recognize the correct answer and not recall it. An open-ended question would be a recall activity. Recognition questions give your child some options from which to select the answer(s). For example, say “Find the word ‘baby’!” while the word ‘baby’ and one or more other words are placed in front of your child. A recall activity be asking your baby, “What does this say?” while holding up a word. Do recognition activities most of the time until your child consistently selects the correct responses, then gradually transition to some recall activities for those words. When you introduce new words, start with recognition questions again.
Thanks again for all of your very generous and kind comments. I genuinely appreciate all of you and your efforts in helping your babies learn. Together, we will eventually change the way many people view this important topic.
Thanks and good luck helping your children move along the path to the next milestone.
Dr. Bob Titzer